4th Cir.

DELROY SPENCE v. PAROLE BOARD

March 26, 2026 ·25-6763 ·Per Curiam · By Aisha Johnson

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed a district court order dismissing a civil rights complaint. The appellate court held that the appellant forfeited the right to challenge the dismissal because his informal brief did not address the grounds for the lower court's decision.

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Background

Delroy Spence filed a complaint under Section nineteen eighty-three of Title forty-two of the United States Code in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina. The district court dismissed the complaint, finding that Spence had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. Spence appealed the dismissal pro se.

The court’s reasoning

The court confined its review to the issues raised in Spence’s informal brief. Because the brief did not challenge the basis for the district court’s disposition, the court determined that Spence had forfeited appellate review of the order. The court noted that under Fourth Circuit rules, the informal brief is the controlling document for preserving issues for review.

The informal brief is an important document; under Fourth Circuit rules, our review is limited to issues preserved in that brief.

Jackson v. Lightsey, 775 F.3d 170, 177 (4th Cir. 2014)

What it means going forward

This decision reinforces the strict requirement that appellants must explicitly challenge the district court’s reasoning in their informal briefs to avoid forfeiture of appellate review in the Fourth Circuit.