7th Cir.

Margarito Castañon-Nava v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, et al

May 5, 2026 ·25-3050 ·Panel Decision ·Lee · By Aisha Johnson

The Seventh Circuit affirmed a district court order extending a consent decree by one hundred eighteen days due to substantial noncompliance by immigration officials. The court reversed in part the lower court's order releasing hundreds of potential class members, holding that the government's mandatory detention authority under Section twelve hundred twenty-five does not apply to noncitizens unlawfully present within the United States.

Background

In two thousand and eighteen, plaintiffs filed a class action alleging that the Department of Homeland Security and Immigration and Customs Enforcement arrested noncitizens without warrants in violation of Section thirteen hundred fifty-seven subsection two of Title eight. The parties entered a consent decree in two thousand and twenty-two, requiring officials to comply with the statute and issue a policy statement. In two thousand and twenty-five, plaintiffs moved to enforce the decree after officials arrested individuals without warrants and a senior official declared the decree terminated. The district court extended the decree by one hundred eighteen days and ordered the release of individuals arrested in violation of the agreement.

The court’s reasoning

The court held that the government waived its objection under Section twelve hundred fifty-two subsection one by agreeing to the consent decree. Even if not waived, the statute does not bar relief for warrantless arrests under Section thirteen hundred fifty-seven subsection two because that provision is not covered by the statute’s limitations. The court found no abuse of discretion in extending the decree due to substantial noncompliance. Regarding the release order, the court concluded that Section twelve hundred twenty-five subsection two subsection A applies only to aliens seeking admission at the border and does not authorize mandatory detention for noncitizens already unlawfully present in the United States.

What it means going forward

The decision reinforces the enforceability of consent decrees against immigration agencies and clarifies that mandatory detention statutes do not apply to noncitizens unlawfully present within the United States, potentially requiring the release of hundreds of detainees.