5th Cir.

United States v. Olivares-Calderon

June 1, 2026 ·25-20213 ·Per Curiam · By James Taylor

The Fifth Circuit affirmed a sentence enhancement for an aggravating role in a robbery conspiracy. The court found the district court did not clearly err in relying on trial testimony to apply the sentencing guideline.

Background

Edwin Olivares-Calderon was convicted by a jury of illegal reentry and conspiracy to interfere with commerce by robbery. The district court sentenced him to eighty-seven months of imprisonment after applying a two-level enhancement for his aggravating role in the offense.

The court’s reasoning

The court reviewed the district court’s determination for clear error. It found that confidential informant testimony and a detective’s testimony provided sufficient indicia of reliability. The evidence showed the defendant organized the robbery, recruited accomplices, and intended to keep a larger share of the proceeds. The court held that the district court did not clearly err in applying the enhancement under U.S.S.G. section three B one point one C.

What it means going forward

The ruling reinforces that trial testimony observed by the district court can support sentencing enhancements even if challenged as vague or generalized.