5th Cir.

United States of America v. Paul Michael Oliver

July 23, 2026 ·24-40726 ·Per Curiam · By Maria Santos

The Fifth Circuit affirmed the denial of a motion for return of property regarding funds seized from a defendant's inmate trust account. The court held that the seizure did not breach the plea agreement because the defendant's understanding of the forfeiture terms was not reasonable.

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Background

Paul Michael Oliver appealed the denial of his motion for return of property concerning five thousand eight hundred fifty dollars he agreed to forfeit as part of a plea agreement. Oliver argued that seizing funds from his inmate trust account to satisfy the forfeiture obligation breached the plea agreement because he reasonably believed the obligation would be satisfied by cash seized during his arrest in a related state case.

The court’s reasoning

The court found that the seizure was inconsistent with a reasonable understanding of the plea agreement. The amount seized during arrest differed from the amount Oliver agreed to forfeit as a representation of proceeds he would have obtained from his federal offense. The phrase would have obtained refers to a hypothetical amount of money that Oliver could have acquired but did not. Oliver failed to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the seizure breached the plea agreement. The court also determined the decision to deny the motion without a hearing was not an abuse of discretion.

What it means going forward

This ruling clarifies that defendants cannot rely on subjective assumptions about forfeiture provisions in plea agreements if those assumptions contradict the hypothetical nature of the agreed-upon forfeiture amount.