United States v. Percoco
The Second Circuit affirmed the convictions of Joseph Percoco and Steven Aiello for honest-services wire fraud, ruling that while a jury instruction regarding 'as opportunities arise' was technically flawed, the error was harmless given the overwhelming evidence of specific quid pro quos. The court further reaffirmed that non-officials who dominate and control government business owe a fiduciary duty to the public, rejecting arguments that Percoco's status as an unaffiliated advisor shielded him from liability.