United States v. Percoco
The Second Circuit affirmed the convictions of Joseph Percoco and Steven Aiello for honest-services wire fraud, ruling that while a jury instruction regarding 'as opportunities arise' was technically flawed, the error was harmless. The court further reaffirmed that non-employees can owe a fiduciary duty to the public if they dominate and control government business, rejecting arguments that Percoco's lack of formal employment shielded him from liability.