4th Cir.

In re Shahsultan Jaffer

July 22, 2026 ·26-1478 ·Per Curiam · By Aisha Johnson

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied a petition for a writ of mandamus filed by Shahsultan Jaffer. The court held that mandamus relief was unavailable because the petitioner sought to use it as a substitute for appeal and lacked jurisdiction over the requested relief against state officials.

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Background

Shahsultan Jaffer, proceeding pro se, petitioned the Fourth Circuit for a writ of mandamus to vacate district court orders, disqualify the district judge, and order the provision of healthcare services. She also moved to expedite proceedings and requested an emergency order continuing healthcare services.

The court’s reasoning

The court concluded that Jaffer was not entitled to mandamus relief for three reasons. First, she impermissibly sought to use mandamus as a substitute for appeal. Second, the court lacked jurisdiction to grant a writ directly ordering the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services to provide healthcare services. Third, the district judge’s rulings were insufficient to warrant recusal, and there was no clear and indisputable error in the orders enforcing the finding that Jaffer was not a proper party to the underlying class action.

Mandamus relief is a drastic remedy and should be used only in extraordinary circumstances.

Cheney v. U.S. Dist. Ct., 542 U.S. 367, 380 (2004)

What it means going forward

The petition for writ of mandamus was denied, and related motions to expedite and for emergency relief were denied as moot.